02706nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260001300250300001100263490000700274520195100281653001202232653002302244653001202267653001102279653000902290653001302299100002202312700002202334700003202356700002002388856004402408       2012                        eng d  a1878-429100aFunctional structure of antennal sensilla in the myrmecophilous beetle Paussus favieri (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussini).0 aFunctional structure of antennal sensilla in the myrmecophilous   c2012 Jun  a705-190 v433 a<p>The evolution of a myrmecophilous lifestyle in beetles is often associated with morphological alterations. In particular, the antennae of all members of the myrmecophilous ground beetle tribe Paussini are greatly modified, with flagellomeres flattened or crassate, frequently reduced in number from 9 to 5 or even 1 single "antennal club". The enhanced glandular function of the antennal club has been recently described by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy in Paussus favieri Fairmaire, 1851, where the antenna has become a complex glandular organ, supplying rewarding substances to the ants. In the present work, the antennal sensilla of P. favieri are investigated by SEM, TEM and focused ion beam (FIB/SEM) technology. Most sensilla of scape and antennal club are highly modified mechanoreceptors (i.e. multipointed, fringed, branched, brush-like, sickle-shaped), singly or grouped in tufts ("antennal symphilous organs"). These "trichomes", here assigned to 8 different morphotypes of sensilla chaetica (Ch.1-Ch.8), show a variable number of basal pores (present also at the base of the taste sensilla Ch.9), which spread dense substances of unknown chemical composition on the seta. Although hygro-, thermo- and chemoreceptors are reduced in number as compared with non-myrmecophilous relatives, and mainly relegated to the apex of the antennal club, their diversity is comparable to that of other carabid beetles: two types of sensilla trichodea (Tr.1-Tr.2); three types of basiconica (Ba.1-Ba.3); one type of campaniformia (Ca); one type of coeloconica (Co) and one type of Böhm sensilla (Bo). Contrary to the hypothesis that Paussus species lack a Johston's organ, a non-connective chordotonal organ composed of 9 groups of scolopidia has been found inside the pedicel. A comparison between sensilla of P. favieri and those of other non-myrmecophilous and myrmecophilous ground beetle species is provided.</p>10aAnimals10aArthropod Antennae10aBeetles10aFemale10aMale10aSensilla1 aDi Giulio, Andrea1 aMaurizi, Emanuela1 aStacconi, Marco, Valerio Ro1 aRomani, Roberto  uhttps://paussinae.myspecies.info/node/502315nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260001300240300001200253490000700265520147900272653001201751653000901763653001201772653002101784653001101805653000901816653002101825653003501846653001201881653001401893100002201907700003201929700002001961856004401981       2009                        eng d  a1873-549500aFine structure of the antennal glands of the ant nest beetle Paussus favieri (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussini).0 aFine structure of the antennal glands of the ant nest beetle Pau  c2009 Jul  a293-3020 v383 a<p>The antennae of the ant nest beetle Paussus favieri are studied by using both SEM and TEM. In the myrmecophilous genus Paussus, these structures are composed of three joints: scape, pedicel and a wide third joint, the "antennal club", resulting from the fusion of antennomeres A3-A11 (flagellum). The antennal club shows an exceptional glandular activity, with the presence of pores mostly crowded in special hairless cuticular areas, surrounding the base of single setae, grouped at the base of tufts of setae, or positioned inside deep pockets that store the secretions, with filiform material arising from them. The surface of A1 and A3 are covered by mechanoreceptors, modified to spread the glandular exudates, while the chemoreceptors are restricted to the apex of the club. The fine structural analysis shows a great number of antennal glands, that can be referred to three main typologies: type A (GhA) bi-cellular, composed of a large secretory cell and a small duct cell, positioned close to the antennal surface; type B (GhB), tri-cellular, composed of two secretory cells and one duct cell, less frequent and positioned deep inside the antennal club; type C (GhC), rare, located deeply within the antennal lumen, in the vicinity of the trophocytes. This complexity indicates that more than one substance could be released from the antennae. Possible functional aspects of the secretions dealing with symbiotic interaction with the host ants are discussed.</p>10aAnimals10aAnts10aBeetles10aEndocrine Glands10aFemale10aMale10aMechanoreceptors10aMicroscopy, Electron, Scanning10aMorocco10aSymbiosis1 aDi Giulio, Andrea1 aStacconi, Marco, Valerio Ro1 aRomani, Roberto  uhttps://paussinae.myspecies.info/node/6